APA Style: Formatting In-text Citations with Two Authors

1. Name both authors every time you cite them throughout your paper, 
2. WHEN YOU mention their names in the sentence, 
1. write the authors' names and the year of publication using a signal phrase, 
2. complete the sentence with punctuation, 
3. use the word "and" between the author's names in the text. For example: 
1. Stein and Smith (1998) believe that students’ thinking can devolve into the following procedures without connection to the meaning or into nonproductive exploration. 
3. WHEN YOU DO NOT mention their names in the sentence, 
1. write the authors' name followed by a comma and the year of publication at the end of the sentence, 
2. enclose the citation in parentheses and complete the sentence with punctuation, 
3. use the "&" between the authors' names in the text. For example:
1. As in any mathematics lessons, students’ thinking can devolve into the following procedures without connection to the meaning or into nonproductive exploration (Stein & Smith, 1998)

My work is based on the Purdue Online Writing Lab -https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/