APA Style: Formatting In-text Citations with Three to Five Authors

(a.) Examples of first time citing 

Peppers, Wan, and Phillips (2014) found that students in a remedial math class who used concrete and virtual manipulatives improved their attitudes toward learning math.

 In one study, students in a remedial math class who used concrete and virtual manipulatives improved their attitudes toward learning math (Peppers, Wan, & Phillips, 2014).

 (b.) Examples of second time citing 

Peppers et al. (2014) did not find any of their students possessed negative reactions to using either type of manipulative.

Knowing students’ misconceptions about learning fractions can help teachers effectively plan instruction (Peppers et al., 2014)

APA Style: Formatting In-text Citations with Two Authors

1. Name both authors every time you cite them throughout your paper, 
2. WHEN YOU mention their names in the sentence, 
1. write the authors' names and the year of publication using a signal phrase, 
2. complete the sentence with punctuation, 
3. use the word "and" between the author's names in the text. For example: 
1. Stein and Smith (1998) believe that students’ thinking can devolve into the following procedures without connection to the meaning or into nonproductive exploration. 
3. WHEN YOU DO NOT mention their names in the sentence, 
1. write the authors' name followed by a comma and the year of publication at the end of the sentence, 
2. enclose the citation in parentheses and complete the sentence with punctuation, 
3. use the "&" between the authors' names in the text. For example:
1. As in any mathematics lessons, students’ thinking can devolve into the following procedures without connection to the meaning or into nonproductive exploration (Stein & Smith, 1998)

My work is based on the Purdue Online Writing Lab -https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/

APA Style: Formatting In-text Citations with One Author

WHEN YOU mention the author's in the sentence ...

1. write the author's name and the year of publication using a signal phrase,
2. complete the sentence with punctuation: For example: 
1. Adams (2010) claims that many science teachers are frustrated that their students do not know how to think like a scientist while conducting investigations.

WHEN YOU DO NOT mention the author's name in the sentence

1. write the author's name followed by a comma and the year of publication at the end of the sentence, 
2. enclose the citation in parentheses and complete the sentence with punctuation. For example: 
1. Many science teachers are frustrated that their students do not know how to think like a scientist while conducting investigations (Adams, 2010).

My work is based on the Purdue Online Writing Lab -https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/10/